残酷の青春

cocos2d notes(5)

六月 15th, 2011

粒子效果

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[self removeChildByTag:1 cleanup:YES];

CCParticleSystem* system;

switch (particleType)
{
case ParticleTypeExplosion:
system = [CCParticleExplosion node];
break;
case ParticleTypeFire:
system = [CCParticleFire node];
break;
case ParticleTypeFireworks:
system = [CCParticleFireworks node];
break;
case ParticleTypeFlower:
system = [CCParticleFlower node];
break;
case ParticleTypeGalaxy:
system = [CCParticleGalaxy node];
break;
case ParticleTypeMeteor:
system = [CCParticleMeteor node];
break;
case ParticleTypeRain:
system = [CCParticleRain node];
break;
case ParticleTypeSmoke:
system = [CCParticleSmoke node];
break;
case ParticleTypeSnow:
system = [CCParticleSnow node];
break;
case ParticleTypeSpiral:
system = [CCParticleSpiral node];
break;
case ParticleTypeSun:
system = [CCParticleSun node];
break;

default:
// do nothing
break;
}

[self addChild:system z:1 tag:1];

自定义粒子效果

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "cocos2d.h"
// Depending on the targeted device the ParticleEffectSelfMade class will either derive
// from CCPointParticleSystem or CCQuadParticleSystem
@interface ParticleEffectSelfMade : ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM
{
}
@end

ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM宏将自动判断使用效率较高的父类（CCPointParticleSystem or CCQuadParticleSystem）

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#import "ParticleEffectSelfMade.h"

@implementation ParticleEffectSelfMade

-(id) init
{
return [self initWithTotalParticles:250];
}

-(id) initWithTotalParticles:(int)numParticles
{
if ((self = [super initWithTotalParticles:numParticles]))
{
// DURATION
// most effects use infinite duration
self.duration = kCCParticleDurationInfinity;
// for timed effects use a number in seconds how long particles should be emitted
//self.duration = 2.0f;
// If the particle system runs for a fixed time, this will remove the particle system node from
// its parent once all particles have died. Has no effect for infinite particle systems.
self.autoRemoveOnFinish = YES;

// MODE
// particles are affected by gravity
self.emitterMode = kCCParticleModeGravity;
// particles move in a circle instead
//self.emitterMode = kCCParticleModeRadius;

// some properties must only be used with a specific emitterMode!
if (self.emitterMode == kCCParticleModeGravity)
{
// centerOfGravity is misleading as it determines the offset where particles appear. The actual
// center of gravity is the node's position.
self.centerOfGravity = CGPointMake(-15, 0);
// gravity determines the particle's speed in the x and y directions
self.gravity = CGPointMake(-50, -90);
// radial acceleration affects how fast particles move depending on their distance to the emitter
// positive radialAccel means particles speed up as they move away, negative means they slow down
self.radialAccel = -90;
self.radialAccelVar = 20;
// tangential acceleration lets particles rotate around the emitter position,
// and they speed up as they rotate around (slingshot effect)
self.tangentialAccel = 120;
self.tangentialAccelVar = 10;
// speed is of course how fast particles move in general
self.speed = 15;
self.speedVar = 4;
}
else if (self.emitterMode == kCCParticleModeRadius)
{
// the distance from the emitter position that particles will be spawned and sent out
// in a radial (circular) fashion
self.startRadius = 100;
self.startRadiusVar = 0;
// the end radius the particles move towards, if less than startRadius particles will move
// inwards, if greater than startRadius particles will move outward
// you can use the keyword kCCParticleStartRadiusEqualToEndRadius to create a perfectly circular rotation
self.endRadius = 10;
self.endRadiusVar = 0;
// how fast the particles rotate around
self.rotatePerSecond = 180;
self.rotatePerSecondVar = 0;
}

// EMITTER POSITION
// emitter position is at the center of the node (default)
// this is where new particles will appear
self.position = CGPointZero;
self.posVar = CGPointZero;
// The positionType determines if existing particles should be repositioned when the node is moving
// (kCCPositionTypeGrouped) or if the particles should remain where they are (kCCPositionTypeFree).
self.positionType = kCCPositionTypeFree;

// PARTICLE SIZE
// size of individual particles in pixels
self.startSize = 40.0f;
self.startSizeVar = 0.0f;
self.endSize = kCCParticleStartSizeEqualToEndSize;
self.endSizeVar = 0;

// ANGLE (DIRECTION)
// the direction in which particles are emitted, 0 means upwards
self.angle = 0;
self.angleVar = 0;

// PARTICLE LIFETIME
// how long each individual particle will "life" (eg. stay on screen)
self.life = 5.0f;
self.lifeVar = 0.0f;

// PARTICLE EMISSION RATE
// how many particles per second are created (emitted)
// particle creation stops if self.particleCount >= self.totalParticles
// you can use this to create short burst effects with pauses between each burst
self.emissionRate = 30;
// normally set with initWithTotalParticles but you can change that number
self.totalParticles = 250;

// PARTICLE COLOR
// A valid startColor must be set! Otherwise the particles may be invisible. The other colors are optional.
// These colors determine the color of the particle at the start and the end of its lifetime.
startColor.r = 1.0f;
startColor.g = 0.25f;
startColor.b = 0.12f;
startColor.a = 1.0f;

startColorVar.r = 0.0f;
startColorVar.g = 0.0f;
startColorVar.b = 0.0f;
startColorVar.a = 0.0f;

endColor.r = 0.0f;
endColor.g = 0.0f;
endColor.b = 0.0f;
endColor.a = 1.0f;

endColorVar.r = 0.0f;
endColorVar.g = 0.0f;
endColorVar.b = 1.0f;
endColorVar.a = 0.0f;

// BLEND FUNC
// blend func influences how transparent colors are calculated
// the first parameter is for the source, the second for the target
// available blend func parameters are:
// GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_SRC_COLOR GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR GL_SRC_ALPHA
// GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA
self.blendFunc = (ccBlendFunc){GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_DST_ALPHA};
// shortcut to set the blend func to: GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE
//self.blendAdditive = YES;

// PARTICLE TEXTURE
self.texture = [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] addImage: @"fire.png"];
}

return self;
}

@end

粒子设计工具
http://particledesigner.71squared.com/ 下载ParticleDesigner

使用ParticleDesigner生成的效果

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-(void) runEffect
{
// remove any previous particle FX
[self removeChildByTag:1 cleanup:YES];

CCParticleSystem* system;

switch (particleType)
{
case ParticleTypeDesignedFX:
// by using ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM either the CCQuadParticleSystem or CCPointParticleSystem class is
// used depending on the current target.
system = [ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM particleWithFile:@"designed-fx.plist"];
break;
case ParticleTypeDesignedFX2:
// uses a plist with the texture already embedded
system = [CCQuadParticleSystem particleWithFile:@"designed-fx2.plist"];
system.positionType = kCCPositionTypeFree;
break;
case ParticleTypeDesignedFX3:
// same effect but different texture (scaled down by Particle Designer)
system = [CCQuadParticleSystem particleWithFile:@"designed-fx3.plist"];
system.positionType = kCCPositionTypeFree;
break;
case ParticleTypeSelfMade:
system = [ParticleEffectSelfMade node];
break;

default:
// do nothing
break;
}

CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];
system.position = CGPointMake(winSize.width / 2, winSize.height / 2);
[self addChild:system z:1 tag:1];

[label setString:NSStringFromClass([system class])];
}

在之前的射击游戏中加入爆炸粒子效果

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-(void) gotHit
{
hitPoints--;
if (hitPoints <= 0)
{
self.visible = NO;

// Play a particle effect when the enemy was destroyed
CCParticleSystem* system;
if (type == EnemyTypeBoss)
{
system = [ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM particleWithFile:@"fx-explosion2.plist"];
}
else
{
system = [ARCH_OPTIMAL_PARTICLE_SYSTEM particleWithFile:@"fx-explosion.plist"];
}

// Set some parameters that can't be set in Particle Designer
system.positionType = kCCPositionTypeFree;
system.autoRemoveOnFinish = YES;
system.position = self.position;

// Add the particle effect to the GameScene, for these reasons:
// - self is a sprite added to a spritebatch and will only allow CCSprite nodes (it crashes if you try)
// - self is now invisible which might affect rendering of the particle effect
// - since the particle effects are short lived, there is no harm done by adding them directly to the GameScene
[[GameScene sharedGameScene] addChild:system];
}
}

cocos2d的虚拟摇杆

Comments

六月 14th, 2011

Cocos2D, resources

https://github.com/sneakyness/SneakyInput

Cocos2D notes(4)

Comments

六月 13th, 2011

Cocos2D, resources

CCSpriteBatchNode

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CCSpriteBatchNode* batch = [CCSpriteBatchNode batchNodeWithFile:@"bullet.png"];
[self addChild:batch];
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
CCSprite* sprite = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@”bullet.png”];
[batch addChild:bullet];
}

child必须用同样材质的sprite，否则报错

如果继承CCSprite的类中这样使用会造成死循环

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-(id) init
{
CCLOG(@"Ship init called ... this will repeat infinetely.");

// WARNING: this will cause an infinite loop!
// Reason: [super initWithFile:...] will call -(id) init which is overridden here ... repeat ad infinitum
// Fix: rename this init method, for example initWithShipImage
// Tip: never call anything but [super init] in your class' init method. If you call any initWith* method
// then you should never do this from the -(id) init method.
if ((self = [super initWithFile:@"ship.png"]))
{
[self scheduleUpdate];
}
return self;
}

为CCSprite添加动画效果

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// load the ship's animation frames as textures and create a sprite frame
NSMutableArray* frames = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
NSString* file = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ship-anim%i.png", i];
CCTexture2D* texture = [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] addImage:file];
CGSize texSize = texture.contentSize;
CGRect texRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, texSize.width, texSize.height);
CCSpriteFrame* frame = [CCSpriteFrame frameWithTexture:texture rect:texRect offset:CGPointZero];
[frames addObject:frame];
}

// create an animation object from all the sprite animation frames
CCAnimation* anim = [CCAnimation animationWithName:@"move" delay:0.08f frames:frames];

// add the animation to the sprite
//[self addAnimation:anim];

// run the animation by using the CCAnimate action
CCAnimate* animate = [CCAnimate actionWithAnimation:anim];
CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:animate];
[self runAction:repeat];

可以通过animation的名字获取对象

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CCAnimation* anim = [CCAnimation animationWithName:@"move" delay:1 frames:frames];
// Store the animation in the CCSprite node
[mySprite addAnimation:anim];
// Sometime later: retrieve the move animation from the CCSprite node
CCAnimation* moveAnim = [mySprite animationByName:@”move”];

animation help

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@implementation CCAnimation (Helper)

// Creates an animation from single files
+(CCAnimation*) animationWithFile:(NSString*)name frameCount:(int)frameCount delay:(float)delay
{
// Load the animation frames as textures and create the sprite frames
NSMutableArray* frames = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:frameCount];
for (int i = 0; i < frameCount; i++)
{
// Assuming all animation files are named "nameX.png"
NSString* file = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%i.png", name, i];
CCTexture2D* texture = [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] addImage:file];

// Assuming that image file animations always use the whole image
CGSize texSize = texture.contentSize;
CGRect texRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, texSize.width, texSize.height);
CCSpriteFrame* frame = [CCSpriteFrame frameWithTexture:texture rect:texRect offset:CGPointZero];
[frames addObject:frame];
}
// Return an animation object from all the sprite animation frames
return [CCAnimation animationWithName:name delay:delay frames:frames];
}

@end

Texture Atlas
工具zwoptex（收费）
TexturePacker (免费)
TexturePacker-2.2.0-win32.zip

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-(id) initWithShipImage
{
// Load the Texture Atlas sprite frames, this also loads the Texture with the same name.
CCSpriteFrameCache* frameCache = [CCSpriteFrameCache sharedSpriteFrameCache];
[frameCache addSpriteFramesWithFile:@"ship-and-bullet.plist"];

// Loading the Ship's sprite using a sprite frame name (eg the filename)
if ((self = [super initWithSpriteFrameName:@"ship.png"]))
{
// load the ship's animation frames as textures and create a sprite frame
NSMutableArray* frames = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
NSString* file = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ship-anim%i.png", i];
CCSpriteFrame* frame = [frameCache spriteFrameByName:file];
[frames addObject:frame];
}

// create an animation object from all the sprite animation frames
CCAnimation* anim = [CCAnimation animationWithName:@"move" delay:0.08f frames:frames];

// add the animation to the sprite (optional)
//[self addAnimation:anim];

// run the animation by using the CCAnimate action
CCAnimate* animate = [CCAnimate actionWithAnimation:anim];
CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:animate];
[self runAction:repeat];

[self scheduleUpdate];
}
return self;
}

helper

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// Creates an animation from sprite frames.
+(CCAnimation*) animationWithFrame:(NSString*)frame frameCount:(int)frameCount delay:(float)delay
{
// load the ship's animation frames as textures and create a sprite frame
NSMutableArray* frames = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:frameCount];
for (int i = 0; i < frameCount; i++)
{
NSString* file = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%i.png", frame, i];
CCSpriteFrameCache* frameCache = [CCSpriteFrameCache sharedSpriteFrameCache];
CCSpriteFrame* frame = [frameCache spriteFrameByName:file];
[frames addObject:frame];
}

// return an animation object from all the sprite animation frames
return [CCAnimation animationWithName:frame delay:delay frames:frames];
}

释放无用cache

1 2	[[CCSpriteFrameCache sharedSpriteFrameCache] removeUnusedSpriteFrames]; [[CCTextureCache sharedTextureCache] removeUnusedTextures];

清除所有

1 2	[CCSpriteFrameCache purgeSharedSpriteFrameCache]; [CCTextureCache purgeSharedTextureCache];

Axure的iPhone Widgets和触摸屏设备手势Widgets

Comments

六月 13th, 2011

Cocoa, resources

iPhone-Axure-Widgets
Touch_Gestures

Axure的iPad Widgets

Comments

六月 13th, 2011

Cocoa, resources

http://www.kreativr.de/ipad-axure-widget-library/

axure_ipad_widget_1.01

Cocos2d notes(3)

Comments

六月 12th, 2011

Cocos2D, 全部

Scene显示或被替换的3个重要事件

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-(void) onEnter
{
// Called right after a node’s init method is called.
// If using a CCTransitionScene: called when the transition begins.
[super onEnter];
}
-(void) onEnterTransitionDidFinish
{
// Called right after onEnter.
// If using a CCTransitionScene: called when the transition has ended.
[super onEnterTransitionDidFinish];
}
-(void) onExit
{
// Called right before node’s dealloc method is called.
// If using a CCTransitionScene: called when the transition has ended.
[super onExit];
}

Scene替换时发生的事件顺序

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2011-06-12 19:35:39.374 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] ===========================================
2011-06-12 19:35:39.375 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] scene: OtherScene
2011-06-12 19:35:39.375 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] init: <OtherScene = 06465B40 | Tag = -1>
2011-06-12 19:35:44.743 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] onEnter: <OtherScene = 06465B40 | Tag = -1>
2011-06-12 19:35:47.760 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] onExit: <FirstScene = 0783AD30 | Tag = -1>
2011-06-12 19:35:47.761 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] onEnterTransitionDidFinish: <OtherScene = 06465B40 | Tag = -1>
2011-06-12 19:35:47.761 ScenesAndLayers[21353:207] dealloc: <FirstScene = 0783AD30 | Tag = -1>

由此可知，在init后才发生onEnter，如果init初始化数据较多，就会导致画面tingdun，所以要加入loading scene

一个范例方法
LoadScene.h

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typedef enum
{
TargetSceneINVALID = 0,
TargetSceneFirstScene,
TargetSceneOtherScene,
TargetSceneMAX,
} TargetScenes;

// LoadingScene is derived directly from Scene. We don't need a CCLayer for this scene.
@interface LoadingScene : CCScene
{
TargetScenes targetScene_;
}

LoadScene.m

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+(id) sceneWithTargetScene:(TargetScenes)targetScene;
{
// This creates an autorelease object of the current class (self ==
LoadingScene)
return [[[self alloc] initWithTargetScene:targetScene] autorelease];
}

-(id) initWithTargetScene:(TargetScenes)targetScene
{
if ((self = [super init]))
{
targetScene_ = targetScene;

CCLabel* label = [CCLabel labelWithString:@"Loading ..."
fontName:@"Marker Felt" fontSize:64];
CGSize size = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];
label.position = CGPointMake(size.width / 2, size.height / 2);
[self addChild:label];

// Must wait one frame before loading the target scene!
[self scheduleUpdate];
}

return self;
}

-(void) update:(ccTime)delta
{
[self unscheduleAllSelectors];

// Decide which scene to load based on the TargetScenes enum.
switch (targetScene_)
{
case TargetSceneFirstScene:
[[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:[FirstScene scene]];
break;
case TargetSceneOtherScene:
[[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:[OtherScene scene]];
break;

default:
// Always warn if an unspecified enum value was used
NSAssert2(nil, @"%@: unsupported TargetScene %i",
NSStringFromSelector(_cmd), targetScene_);
break;
}
}

为什么不能在LoadScene 的init方法中直接调用replaceScene
原因1：永远不要在node的init中调用CCDirector的replaceScene方法
原因2：这样调用会让app崩溃，因为无法在初始化（init)一个node的同时replace掉它

Singleton

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+(MultiLayerScene*) sharedLayer
{
NSAssert(multiLayerSceneInstance != nil, @"MultiLayerScene not available!");
return multiLayerSceneInstance;
}

-(void) dealloc
{
// MultiLayerScene will be deallocated now, you must set it to nil
multiLayerSceneInstance = nil;

// don't forget to call "super dealloc"
[super dealloc];
}

当一个Scene上有两个层重叠，如何判断哪个层接收touch事件
假设UserInterfaceLayer* uiLayer 在GameLayer* gameLayer之上
UserInterfacelayer.m

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-(void) registerWithTouchDispatcher
{
[[CCTouchDispatcher sharedDispatcher] addTargetedDelegate:self priority:-1 swallowsTouches:YES];
}

// Implements logic to check if the touch location was in an area that this layer wants to handle as input.
-(bool) isTouchForMe:(CGPoint)touchLocation
{
CCNode* node = [self getChildByTag:UILayerTagFrameSprite];
return CGRectContainsPoint([node boundingBox], touchLocation);
}

-(BOOL) ccTouchBegan:(UITouch*)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
CGPoint location = [MultiLayerScene locationFromTouch:touch];
bool isTouchHandled = [self isTouchForMe:location];
if (isTouchHandled)
{
// Simply highlight the UI layer's sprite to show that it received the touch.
CCNode* node = [self getChildByTag:UILayerTagFrameSprite];
NSAssert([node isKindOfClass:[CCSprite class]], @"node is not a CCSprite");

((CCSprite*)node).color = ccRED;
// 省略
}

return isTouchHandled;
}

-(void) ccTouchEnded:(UITouch*)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
CCNode* node = [self getChildByTag:UILayerTagFrameSprite];
NSAssert([node isKindOfClass:[CCSprite class]], @"node is not a CCSprite");

((CCSprite*)node).color = ccWHITE;
}

在registerWithTouchDispatcher中将自己获取touch的优先级设为最高，然后在-(BOOL) ccTouchBegan:withEvent:中如果返回YES，这次的touch将被uiLayer吞掉（swallow)，如果返回NO，则由gameLayer继续处理。

使用CCMultiplexLayer在不同Layer间切换

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CCLayer* layer1 = [CCLayer node];
CCLayer* layer2 = [CCLayer node];
CCMultiplexLayer* mpLayer = [CCMultiplexLayer layerWithLayers:layer1, layer2, nil];
// Switches to layer2 but keeps layer1 as child of mpLayer.
[mpLayer switchTo:1];
// Switches to layer1, removes layer2 from mpLayer and releases its memory.
// After this call you must not switch back to layer2 (index: 1) anymore!
[mpLayer switchToAndReleaseMe:0];

CCColorLayer

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// Set background color to magenta. The most unobtrusive color imaginable.
CCColorLayer* colorLayer = [CCColorLayer layerWithColor:ccc4(255, 0, 255, 255)];
[self addChild:colorLayer z:0];

Sprite Class

Spider.h

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@interface Spider : NSObject
{
CCSprite* spiderSprite;
}

+(id) spiderWithParentNode:(CCNode*)parentNode;
-(id) initWithParentNode:(CCNode*)parentNode;

@end

Spider.m

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#import "Spider.h"

@implementation Spider

// Static autorelease initializer, mimics cocos2d's memory allocation scheme.
+(id) spiderWithParentNode:(CCNode*)parentNode
{
return [[[self alloc] initWithParentNode:parentNode] autorelease];
}

-(id) initWithParentNode:(CCNode*)parentNode
{
if ((self = [super init]))
{
CGSize screenSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];

spiderSprite = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"spider.png"];
spiderSprite.position = CGPointMake(CCRANDOM_0_1() *
screenSize.width, CCRANDOM_0_1() * screenSize.height);
[parentNode addChild:spiderSprite];

// Manually schedule update via the undocumented CCScheduler class.
[[CCScheduler sharedScheduler] scheduleUpdateForTarget:self priority:0
paused:NO];
}

return self;
}

-(void) dealloc
{
// Must manually unschedule, it is not done automatically.
[[CCScheduler sharedScheduler] unscheduleUpdateForTarget:self];

[super dealloc];
}

通过注册CCScheduler的 scheduleUpdateForTarget:priority:方法
使Spider每帧调用update:方法

让Spider类实现CCTargetedTouchDelegate协议，使Spider类接收touch
@interface Spider : NSObject
{
…
}
修改后的Spider.m

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-(id) initWithParentNode:(CCNode*)parentNode
{
if ((self = [super init]))
{
…
// Manually schedule update via the undocumented CCScheduler class.
[[CCScheduler sharedScheduler] scheduleUpdateForTarget:self priority:0
paused:NO];

// Manually add this class as receiver of targeted touch events.
[[CCTouchDispatcher sharedDispatcher] addTargetedDelegate:self
priority:-1 swallowsTouches:YES];
}

return self;
}

-(void) dealloc
{
// Must manually unschedule, it is not done automatically!
[[CCScheduler sharedScheduler] unscheduleUpdateForTarget:self];

// Must manually remove this class as touch input receiver!
[[CCTouchDispatcher sharedDispatcher] removeDelegate:self];

[super dealloc];
}

// Extract common logic into a separate method accepting parameters.
-(void) moveAway:(float)duration position:(CGPoint)moveTo
{
[spiderSprite stopAllActions];
CCMoveBy* move = [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:duration position:moveTo];
[spiderSprite runAction:move];
}

-(void) update:(ccTime)delta
{
numUpdates++;
if (numUpdates > 50)
{
numUpdates = 0;

// Move at regular speed.
CGPoint moveTo = CGPointMake(CCRANDOM_0_1() * 200 - 100,
CCRANDOM_0_1() * 100 - 50);
[self moveAway:2 position:moveTo];
}
}

-(BOOL) ccTouchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
// Check if this touch is on the Spider's sprite.
CGPoint touchLocation = [MultiLayerScene locationFromTouch:touch];
BOOL isTouchHandled = CGRectContainsPoint([spiderSprite boundingBox],
touchLocation);
if (isTouchHandled)
{
// Reset move counter.
numUpdates = 0;

// Move away from touch loation rapidly.
CGPoint moveTo;
float moveDistance = 60;
float rand = CCRANDOM_0_1();

// Randomly pick one of four corners to move away to.
if (rand < 0.25f)
moveTo = CGPointMake(moveDistance, moveDistance);
else if (rand < 0.5f)
moveTo = CGPointMake(-moveDistance, moveDistance);
else if (rand < 0.75f)
moveTo = CGPointMake(moveDistance, -moveDistance);
else
moveTo = CGPointMake(-moveDistance, -moveDistance);

// Move quickly:
[self moveAway:0.1f position:moveTo];
}

return isTouchHandled;
}

CCProgressTimer

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// Progress timer is a sprite only partially displayed to visualize some kind of progress.
CCProgressTimer* timer = [CCProgressTimer progressWithFile:@"firething.png"];
timer.type = kCCProgressTimerTypeRadialCCW;
timer.percentage = 0;
[self addChild:timer z:1 tag:UILayerTagProgressTimer];
// The update is needed for the progress timer.
[self scheduleUpdate];

-(void) update:(ccTime)delta
{
CCNode* node = [self getChildByTag:UILayerTagProgressTimer];
NSAssert([node isKindOfClass:[CCProgressTimer class]], @"node is not a CCProgressTimer");
// Updates the progress timer
CCProgressTimer* timer = (CCProgressTimer*)node;
timer.percentage += delta * 10;
if (timer.percentage >= 100)
{
timer.percentage = 0;
}
}

CCParallaxNode

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// Load the sprites for each parallax layer, from background to foreground.
CCSprite* para1 = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"parallax1.png"];
CCSprite* para2 = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"parallax2.png"];
CCSprite* para3 = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"parallax3.png"];
CCSprite* para4 = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"parallax4.png"];
// Set the correct offsets depending on the screen and image sizes.
para1.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 1);
para2.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 1);
para3.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0.6f);
para4.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);
CGPoint topOffset = CGPointMake(0, screenSize.height);
CGPoint midOffset = CGPointMake(0, screenSize.height / 2);
CGPoint downOffset = CGPointZero;
// Create a parallax node and add the sprites to it.
CCParallaxNode* paraNode = [CCParallaxNode node];
[paraNode addChild:para1 z:1 parallaxRatio:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0) positionOffset:topOffset];
[paraNode addChild:para2 z:2 parallaxRatio:CGPointMake(1, 0) positionOffset:topOffset];
[paraNode addChild:para3 z:4 parallaxRatio:CGPointMake(2, 0) positionOffset:midOffset];
[paraNode addChild:para4 z:3 parallaxRatio:CGPointMake(3, 0) positionOffset:downOffset];
[self addChild:paraNode z:0 tag:ParallaxSceneTagParallaxNode];
// Move the parallax node to show the parallaxing effect.
CCMoveBy* move1 = [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:5 position:CGPointMake(-160, 0)];
CCMoveBy* move2 = [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:15 position:CGPointMake(160, 0)];
CCSequence* sequence = [CCSequence actions:move1, move2, nil];
CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:sequence];
[paraNode runAction:repeat];

CCRibbon

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-(void) resetRibbon
{
// Removes the ribbon and creates a new one.
[self removeChildByTag:ParallaxSceneTagRibbon cleanup:YES];
CCRibbon* ribbon = [CCRibbon ribbonWithWidth:32 image:@"spider.png" length:32 color:ccc4(255, 255, 255, 255) fade:0.5f];
[self addChild:ribbon z:5 tag:ParallaxSceneTagRibbon];
}

-(CCRibbon*) getRibbon
{
CCNode* node = [self getChildByTag:ParallaxSceneTagRibbon];
NSAssert([node isKindOfClass:[CCRibbon class]], @"node is not a CCRibbon");
return (CCRibbon*)node;
}

-(void) addRibbonPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
CCRibbon* ribbon = [self getRibbon];
[ribbon addPointAt:point width:32];
}

-(BOOL) ccTouchBegan:(UITouch*)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self addRibbonPoint:[MultiLayerScene locationFromTouch:touch]];
return YES;
}

-(void) ccTouchMoved:(UITouch*)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self addRibbonPoint:[MultiLayerScene locationFromTouch:touch]];
}

-(void) ccTouchEnded:(UITouch*)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self resetRibbon];
}

CCMotionStreak
用来替换CCRibbon

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-(void) resetMotionStreak
{
// Removes the CCMotionStreak and creates a new one.
[self removeChildByTag:ParallaxSceneTagRibbon cleanup:YES];
CCMotionStreak* streak = [CCMotionStreak streakWithFade:0.7f minSeg:10
image:@"spider.png" width:32 length:32 color:ccc4(255, 0, 255, 255)];
[self addChild:streak z:5 tag:ParallaxSceneTagRibbon];
}

-(void) addMotionStreakPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
CCMotionStreak* streak = [self getMotionStreak];
[streak.ribbon addPointAt:point width:32];
}

Cocos2D notes(2)

Comments

六月 12th, 2011

Cocos2D, resources

获取真实texture大小
[player texture].contentSize.height

Odd??

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-(void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer
didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration
{
// ERROR: lvalue required as left operand of assignment
// player.position.x += acceleration.x * 10;
CGPoint pos = player.position;
pos.x += acceleration.x * 10;
player.position = pos;
}

判断Sprite当前是否有执行Action
[spider numberOfRunningActions] == 0

简单的测试碰撞

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-(void) checkForCollision
{
// Assumption: both player and spider images are squares.
float playerImageSize = [player texture].contentSize.width;
float spiderImageSize = [[spiders lastObject] texture].contentSize.width;
float playerCollisionRadius = playerImageSize * 0.4f;
float spiderCollisionRadius = spiderImageSize * 0.4f;
// This collision distance will roughly equal the image shapes.
float maxCollisionDistance = playerCollisionRadius + spiderCollisionRadius;
int numSpiders = [spiders count];
for (int i = 0; i < numSpiders; i++)
{
CCSprite* spider = [spiders objectAtIndex:i];
if ([spider numberOfRunningActions] == 0)
{
// This spider isn't even moving so we can skip checking it.
continue;
}

// Get the distance between player and spider.
float actualDistance = ccpDistance(player.position, spider.position);

// Are the two objects closer than allowed?
if (actualDistance < maxCollisionDistance)
{
// No game over, just reset the spiders.
[self resetSpiders];
}
}
}

显示分数

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// Update the Score (Timer) once per second.
totalTime += delta;
int currentTime = (int)totalTime;
if (score < currentTime)
{
score = currentTime;
[scoreLabel setString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%i", score]];
}

这个例子里使用度过时间的总和作为分数
如果用CCLabel每帧都改变其内容将会严重影响app运行速度
所以这里可以使用CCBitmapFontAtlas作为替代，只需要将创建CCLable的那一行修改

1 2	scoreLabel = [CCBitmapFontAtlas bitmapFontAtlasWithString:@"0" fntFile:@"bitmapfont.fnt"];

要生成fnt文件，用这个java app： http://slick.cokeandcode.com/demos/hiero.jnlp

播放音乐音效

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#import "SimpleAudioEngine.h"
[[SimpleAudioEngine sharedEngine] playBackgroundMusic:@"blues.mp3" loop:YES];
[[SimpleAudioEngine sharedEngine] playEffect:@"alien-sfx.caf"];
// preload
[[SimpleAudioEngine sharedEngine] preloadEffect:@"alien-sfx.caf"];

注意背景音乐（mp3）同一时间只能播放一个，虽然也有情况可以同时播多个mp3，但是cpu在解码mp3的时候是逐个处理的
所以音效最好使用caf格式
转换成caf格式的文件可能需要工具，这个坑爹的软件卖$15，应该有其他的免费替代品吧。。
http://dekorte.com/projects/shareware/SoundConverter/

遍历，停止所有action

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CCARRAY_FOREACH([self children], node)
{
[node stopAllActions];
}

Cocos2D notes (1)

Comments

六月 10th, 2011

Cocos2D

决定还是把cocos2d研究一下，虽然不打算在ios上主攻游戏开发，但2d引擎还是很多地方会用到。

安装cocos2d

到google code下载最新的稳定版本，下载完成后解压，用shell cd到解压路径，执行
./install-templates.sh -f -u

因为无论是书还是网上的教程，基本都用的是cocos2d 0.99和xcode3，所以我不知道是为什么，这样安装后不能在xcode4中看到工程模板，可以参见在xcode4中添加cocos2d的工程模板的解决办法。

CCDirector

首先接触到的是CCDirector类，顾名思义是2d动画的导演类，负责

创建或更改场景(scenes)
设置cocos2d的configuration细节
获取视图(OpenGL, UIView, UIWindow)
暂停，继续或结束游戏
转换UIKit和OpenGL坐标

获取CCDirector对象

1	CCDirector *director = [CCDirector sharedDirector];

设置游戏的设备方向

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#if GAME_AUTOROTATION == kGameAutorotationUIViewController
[director setDeviceOrientation:kCCDeviceOrientationPortrait];
#else
[director setDeviceOrientation:kCCDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft];
#endif

设置动画间隔

1	[director setAnimationInterval:1.0/60];

是否显示FPS数据

1	[director setDisplayFPS:YES];

启动场景

1	[[CCDirector sharedDirector] runWithScene: [HelloWorldScene node]];

获得所有可视区域的Size

1	CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];

CCNode

CCNode是所有节点的父类包括(Layer, Sprite, Scene)

创建Node

1	CCNode* childNode = [CCNode node];

添加Node

1	[myNode addChild:childNode z:0 tag:123];

获取Node

1	CCNode* retrievedNode = [myNode getChildByTag:123];

删除Node(Tag方式)

1	[myNode removeChildByTag:123 cleanup:YES];

删除Node(指针方式)

1	[myNode removeChild:retrievedNode];

全部删除

1	[myNode removeAllChildrenWithCleanup:YES];

把自己从父节点删除

1	[myNode removeFromParentAndCleanup:YES];

CCAction

Node可以执行Action

声明并运行action

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CCAction* action = [CCBlink actionWithDuration:10 blinks:20];
action.tag = 234;
[myNode runAction:action];

获取action

1	CCAction* retrievedAction = [myNode getActionByTag:234];

停止action

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// by tag
[myNode stopActionByTag:234];
// by pointer
[myNode stopAction:action];

停止所有action

1	[myNode stopAllActions];

定时消息

scheduleUpdate方法会执行update:方法，每帧执行一次

或者指定定时方法

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-(void) scheduleUpdates
{
[self schedule:@selector(updateTenTimesPerSecond:) interval:0.1f];
}
-(void) updateTenTimesPerSecond:(ccTime)delta
{
// this method is called according to its interval, ten times per second
}

停止所有定时方法

1	[self unscheduleAllSelectors];

停止指定定时方法

1	[self unschedule:@selector(updateTenTimesPerSecond:)];

trick — 用_cmd关键字代替当前执行的方法，也就是current method

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-(void) scheduleUpdates
{
[self schedule:@selector(tenMinutesElapsed:) interval:600];
}
-(void) tenMinutesElapsed:(ccTime)delta
{
// unschedule the current method by using the _cmd keyword
[self unschedule:_cmd];
}

优先级

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// in Node A
-(void) scheduleUpdates
{
[self scheduleUpdate];
}
// in Node B
-(void) scheduleUpdates
{
[self scheduleUpdateWithPriority:1];
}
// in Node C
-(void) scheduleUpdates
{
[self scheduleUpdateWithPriority:-1];
}

ABC3个节点的优先级为C>A>B

Scene

scene永远是一个场景上的根节点

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+(id) scene
{
CCScene *scene = [CCScene node];
CCLayer* layer = [HelloWorld node];
[scene addChild:layer];
return scene;
}

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// only use this to run the very first scene
[[CCDirector sharedDirector] runWithScene:[HelloWorld scene]];
// use replaceScene to change all subsequent scenes
[[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:[HelloWorld scene]];

1 2	[[CCDirector sharedDirector] pushScene:[Settings scene]]; [[CCDirector sharedDirector] popScene];

replaceScene和pushScene可以使用转换效果（popScene无法使用效果）

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// initialize a transition scene with the scene we’d like to display next
CCFadeTransition* tran = [CCFadeTransition transitionWithDuration:1
scene:[HelloWorld scene]
withColor:ccWHITE];
// use the transition scene object instead of HelloWorld
[[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:tran];

有以下效果
CCFadeTransition: Fade to a specific color and back.
CCFadeTRTransition (three more variations): Tiles flip over to reveal
new scene.
CCJumpZoomTransition: Scene bounces and gets smaller, new scene
does the reverse.
CCMoveInLTransition (three more variations): Scene moves out, new
scene moves in at the same time, either from left, right, top or bottom.
CCOrientedTransitionScene (six more variations): A variety of
transitions flipping the whole scene around
CCPageTurnTransition: An effect like turning a page.
CCRotoZoomTransition: Scene rotates and gets smaller, new scene
does reverse.
CCShrinkGrowTransition: Current scene shrinks, new scene grows
over it.
CCSlideInLTransition (three more variations): New scene slides over
the current scene, either from left, right, top or bottom.
CCSplitColsTransition (one variation): Columns of scene move up or
down to reveal new scene.
CCTurnOffTilesTransition: Tiles randomly replaced by tiles of new scene.

CCLayer

一个场景(Scene)上可能有多个Layer

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+(id) scene
{
CCScene* scene = [CCScene node];
CCLayer* backgroundLayer = [HelloWorldBackground node];
[scene addChild: backgroundLayer];
CCLayer* layer = [HelloWorld node];
[scene addChild:layer];
CCLayer* userInterfaceLayer = [HelloWorldUserInterface node];
[scene addChild: userInterfaceLayer];
return scene;
}

* 和Scene一样，Layer没有宽高，只是一群可视对象的概念集合

获取Touch 输入

1	self.isTouchEnabled = YES;

用户Touch动作跟以下方法相关
Called when a finger just begins touching the screen:
-(void) ccTouchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
Called whenever the finger moves on the screen:
-(void) ccTouchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
Called when a finger is lifted off the screen:
-(void) ccTouchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
Called to cancel a touch:
-(void) ccTouchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

获取Touch坐标

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UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint touchLocation = [touch locationInView: [touch view]];
return [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:touchLocation];

如果要指定层消耗触摸

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-(void) registerWithTouchDispatcher
{
[[CCTouchDispatcher sharedDispatcher] addTargetedDelegate:self
priority:INT_MIN+1 swallowsTouches:YES];
}

如果此方法内容什么都不写，则不会接收任何触摸事件
这种情况下要用以下方法获取触摸事件
-(BOOL) ccTouchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {}
-(void) ccTouchMoved:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {}
-(void) ccTouchEnded:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {}
-(void) ccTouchCancelled:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {}
和上面的方法略有不同，并且，注意ccTouchBegan:withEvent:返回是BOOL类型，如果返回YES，则触摸事件不会冒泡到优先级较低的Layer

接收accelerometer事件

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didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration
{
CCLOG(@"acceleration: x:%f / y:%f / z:%f",
acceleration.x, acceleration.y, acceleration.z);
}

CCSprite

1 2	CCSprite* sprite = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@”Default.png”]; [self addChild:sprite];

锚点

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CCSprite* sprite = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@”Default.png”];
sprite.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);
[self addChild:sprite];

CCLabel

1 2	CCLabel* label = [CCLabel labelWithString:@"text" fontName:@"AppleGothic" fontSize:32]; [self addChild:label];

对齐

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// align label to the right
label.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(1, 0.5f);
// align label to the left
label.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0.5f);
// align label to the top
label.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 1);
// align label to the bottom
label.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 0);
// use case: place label at top-right corner of the screen
// the label’s text extends to the left and down and is always completely on screen
CGSize size = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];
label.position = CGPointMake(size.width, size.height);
label.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1);

CCMenu

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CGSize size = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize];

// set CCMenuItemFont default properties
[CCMenuItemFont setFontName:@"Helvetica-BoldOblique"];
[CCMenuItemFont setFontSize:26];

// create a few labels with text and selector
CCMenuItemFont* item1 = [CCMenuItemFont itemFromString:@"Go Back!" target:self

selector:@selector(menuItem1Touched:)];
// create a menu item using existing sprites
CCSprite* normal = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"Icon.png"];
normal.color = ccRED;
CCSprite* selected = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"Icon.png"];
selected.color = ccGREEN;
CCMenuItemSprite* item2 = [CCMenuItemSprite itemFromNormalSprite:normal
selectedSprite:selected target:self selector:@selector(menuItem2Touched:)];

// create a toggle item using two other menu items (toggle works with images, too)
[CCMenuItemFont setFontName:@"STHeitiJ-Light"];
[CCMenuItemFont setFontSize:18];
CCMenuItemFont* toggleOn = [CCMenuItemFont itemFromString:@"I'm ON!"];
CCMenuItemFont* toggleOff = [CCMenuItemFont itemFromString:@"I'm OFF!"];
CCMenuItemToggle* item3 = [CCMenuItemToggle itemWithTarget:self
selector:@selector(menuItem3Touched:) items:toggleOn, toggleOff, nil];

// create the menu using the items
CCMenu* menu = [CCMenu menuWithItems:item1, item2, item3, nil];
menu.position = CGPointMake(size.width / 2, size.height / 2);
[self addChild:menu];

// aligning is important, so the menu items don’t occupy the same location
[menu alignItemsVerticallyWithPadding:40];

Actions

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// I want myNode to move to 100, 200 and arrive there in 3 seconds
CCMoveTo* move = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:3 position:CGPointMake(100, 200)];
[myNode runAction:move];

Repeating Actions

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CCRotateBy* rotateBy = [CCRotateBy actionWithDuration:2 angle:360];
CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:rotateBy];
[myNode runAction:repeat];

Ease Actions(缓动)

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// I want myNode to move to 100, 200 and arrive there in 3 seconds
CCMoveTo* move = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:3 position:CGPointMake(100, 200)];
// this time the node should slowly speed up and then slow down as it moves
CCEaseInOut* ease = [CCEaseInOut actionWithAction:move rate:4];
[myNode runAction:ease];

有以下缓动方式
CCEaseBackIn, CCEaseBackInOut, CCEaseBackOut
CCEaseBounceIn, CCEaseBounceInOut, CCEaseBounceOut
CCEaseElasticIn, CCEaseElasticInOut, CCEaseElasticOut
CCEaseExponentialIn, CCEaseExponentialInOut,
CCEaseExponentialOut
CCEaseIn, CCEaseInOut, CCEaseOut
CCEaseSineIn, CCEaseSineInOut, CCEaseSineOut

Action Sequences（序列）

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CCTintTo* tint1 = [CCTintTo actionWithDuration:4 red:255 green:0 blue:0];
CCTintTo* tint2 = [CCTintTo actionWithDuration:4 red:0 green:0 blue:255];
CCTintTo* tint3 = [CCTintTo actionWithDuration:4 red:0 green:255 blue:0];
CCSequence* sequence = [CCSequence actions:tint1, tint2, tint3, nil];
[label runAction:sequence];

或

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CCSequence* sequence = [CCSequence actions:tint1, tint2, tint3, nil];
CCRepeatForever* repeat = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:sequence];
[label runAction:repeat];

Instant Actions(即时)
有3种形式

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CCCallFunc* func = [CCCallFunc actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(onCallFunc)];
CCCallFuncN* funcN = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self
selector:@selector(onCallFuncN:)];
CCCallFuncND* funcND = [CCCallFuncND actionWithTarget:self
selector:@selector(onCallFuncND:data:) data:(void*)self];

CCSequence* seq = [CCSequence actions:tint1, func, tint2, funcN, tint3, funcND, nil];
[label runAction:seq];

对应以下3个方法

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-(void) onCallFunc
{
CCLOG(@"end of tint1!");
}

-(void) onCallFuncN:(id)sender
{
CCLOG(@"end of tint2! sender: %@", sender);
}

-(void) onCallFuncND:(id)sender data:(void*)data
{
// be careful when casting pointers like this!
// you have to be 100% sure the object is of this type!
CCSprite* sprite = (CCSprite*)data;
CCLOG(@"end of sequence! sender: %@ - data: %@", sender, sprite);
}

How To – 在iphone模拟器中使用accelerometer

Comments

六月 9th, 2011

Cocoa, how to

万恶的苹果的iphone模拟器上竟然不支持用accelerometer，但拿到一本cocos2d的书的例子却净是用这个操作游戏的

google了一下，有位牛人做了一个模拟器，原理是把模拟器安装在ios设备上，通过udp发送accelerometer数据给xcode上的模拟器以达到在模拟器上debug的效果。
可以参考这个http://code.google.com/p/accelerometer-simulator/wiki/Home

mbp上自带svn还是挺强大的。。

残酷の青春

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安装cocos2d

CCDirector

CCNode

CCAction

定时消息

Scene

CCLayer

CCSprite

CCLabel

CCMenu

Actions

How To – 在iphone模拟器中使用accelerometer

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安装cocos2d

CCDirector

CCNode

CCAction

定时消息

Scene

CCLayer

CCSprite

CCLabel

CCMenu

Actions